BEARDED IRIS (I. BARBATA), COMMONLY CALLED GERMAN IRIS, Peter Barr.

'THE GARDEN'

29th AUGUST, 1874.

BEARDED IRIS (I. BARBATA), COMMONLY CALLED GERMAN IRIS.

My collection of this section of Iris has been pronounced  to be very complete. It numbers upwards of 200 varieties, from which I have selected those enumerated. The better to understand my descriptions, I furnish a wood- cut, by which it will be observed that one half of the petals are erect - these are called standards; the other half droop - these are called falls, while the small tongued parts of the flower are called petioloid stigmas, under which run the "beards." The flowers in this section are all large and handsome, and more or less beautifully mottled in the standards and reticulated in the falls, the beards ranging from delicate primrose to orange, and the petioloid stigmas frequently materially enhancing the general effect by colour and contrast. I mention this, as in my descriptions I have not attempted to take in all these points, but deal with the colours which strike the eye on first looking at the flower. There is no flower, however, that so improves by examination. At first sight its beauty is equal to that of an Orchid, but, on closer examination, I have no hesitation in saying it possesses points of interest surpassing those of the finest epiphyte. In colours there are the richest yellows, the intensest purples, the most delicate blues, the softest mauves, and the most beautiful claret-reds. There are whites and primroses, and bronzes of every imaginable shade ; indeed, language fails to picture the beauties of this flower ; and, consequently, my descriptions fall far short of the reality. And this will be readily understood when I state that there may be found in almost any one of the flowers from ten to thirty different shades, all harmonising and blending in the most perfect manner imaginable. Those who have not used this Iris for surrounding artificial lakes and ponds, or for growth in the flower borders, shrubberies, and woodland walks, should do so ; for, wherever a large quantity of cut flowers is required from May to July, these plants, when established, will yield them bountifully ; as, with good cultivation, they increase in size annually till they attain large proportions, each plant yielding from fifty to a hundred spikes of bloom.

I. germanica (Reich.). - Standards, blue; falls, purple.
     " violacea. - Standards, purple ; falls, dark purple.
     " alba (Florentiua). - Standards and falls, white.

The above are the first of the barbata section to flower, and, being distinct from each other in colour, and flowering at the same time, produce a fine effect early in May, and furnish a striking contrast. The following species and varieties come into flower as the above are going out of bloom ; and it may be worthy of notice that Aphylla embraces the species plicata and Swertii, and the section is remarkable for the flowers having a frill-like appearance - an effect arising from the multitude of coloured transverse lines running round the margin of the standards.

Forms of I. aphylla (Bot. Mag.).- Standards, creamy white, margined with dull lilac ; falls, white, margined with lilac.

 "  Beauty. - Standards, white, margined with lilac; falls, white, the upper part reddish-lilac.
 "  Bridesmaid. - Standards, very pale lavender; falls, white, margined with lavender.
 "  cœlestina. - Standards, lavender-blue, mottled with deeper lavender ; falls, white, margined with lavender-blue.
 "  Gazella. -Standards, red-lavender, mottled with white ; falls, white, edged with purple.
 "  Madame Chereau. - Standards, white, margined with blue ; falls, white, margined with blue.
 "  striata. - Standards, white, margined with lavender ; falls, white and lavender.

I. amoena (Sweet). - Standards, white, tinged with lavender; falls, white, slightly margined with lilac.

 "  Alice Barr. - Standards, white ; falls, white, tinged with lilac.
 "  Ariadne. - Standards, white, mottled with purple ; falls, crimson, reticulated with white.
 "  Alvarez. - Standards, white, mottled with purple; falls, crimson, reticulated with white.
 "  Calypso. - Standards, white ; falls, mottled with purple and white.
 "  Comte de St. Clair. - Standards, white ; falls, crimson- purple, reticulated with white.
 "  Clio. - Standards, white ; falls, crimson-purple.
 "  Donna Maria. - Standards, white; falls, white, tinged with lilac.
 "  Duchess de Nemours. - Standards, white ; falls, purple, mottled with white.
 "  Duchess d'Orleans. - Standards, white; falls, crimson-purple, mottled with white.
 "  Glorietta. - Standards, white, slightly tinged with lilac ; falls, white, heavily tinged with crimson.
 "  Incomparable. - Standards, pure white; falls, crimson- purple, reticulated with white.
 "  Juliette. - Standards, white, tinged with lavender ; falls, violet-blue, tinged with white.
 "  Morpheus. -Standards, white, tinged with lavender; falls, violet, heavily mottled with white.
 "  Poiteau. - Standards, white, tinged with lavender ; falls, very rich velvety-crimson.
 "  reticulata alba. - Standards, white ; falls, purple-crimson, reticulated with white.
 "  Sir Garnet Wolseley. - Standards, pure white, slightly margined or flaked with purple ; falls, velvety-crimson, very heavily reticulated with white.
 "  Unique. - Standards, white ; falls, violet-purple, reticulated with white.
 "  Unique Surpassed. - Standards, white, tinged with lavender ; falls, deep crimson, edged and reticulated with white.

I. neglecta (Bot. Mag.), - Standards, lavender ; falls, upper part red- lilac.

 "  Agathe. - Standards, white, margined and mottled with lavender ; falls, white, margined with lavender.
 "  Alice. - Standards, pale lavender ; falls, rich purple, mottled with white.
 "  Alonzo. - Standards, lavender ; falls, purple-crimson.
 "  amabilis. - Standards, lavender-purple ; falls, rich deep crimson.
 "  Aspasia. - Standards, white ; falls, purple-crimson, mottled with white.
 "  Aspasia Variety. - Standards, white ; falls, dark purplish crimson, mottled with white.
 "  Atropos. - Standards, lavender-blue; falls, rich velvety crimson, upper part mottled with white.
 "  atro-purpurea. - Standards, deep purple ; falls, very deep purple.
 "  Bocaze. - Standards, decided lavender; falls, purple, mottled with dark lines.
 "  Cameleon. - Standards, rich blue ; falls, light crimson.
 "  Clara. - Standards, lavender ; falls, rich purple-crimson, reticulated with white.
 "  Clarissima. - Standards, purple, shading to blue; falls, rich crimson, mottled with white.
 "  Cleopatra. - Standards, light lavender; falls, velvety purple- crimson, reticulated with white.
 "  De Bois de Milan. - Standards, light lavender; falls, rich crimson.
 "  Fairy Queen. - Standards, white, flaked with purple-blue ; falls, purple-blue, heavily reticulated with white.
 "  Fantasie. - Standards, lavender-blue ; falls, purple, mottled with dark lines.
 "  Florence Barr. - Standards and falls, delicate lavender.
 "  halophylla. - Standards, lavender-blue ; falls, red-lavender.
 "  Harlequin Milanais. - Standards, white, tinged with lavender; falls, rich crimson-purple.
 "  Indigo. - Standards, purple ; falls, deep velvety purple.
 "  Irma. - Standards, lavender; falls, crimson-purple, heavily mottled with white.
 "  Monsieur de Seble. - Standards, deep lavender-blue ; falls, lavender-purple.
 "  Nationale. - Standards, purple-blue; falls, rich velvety crimson.
 "  Penelope. - Standards, white, variegated with lavender; falls, white and lilac, reticulated.
 "  purpurea. - Standards, purple ; falls, dark purple.
 "  reticulata. - Standards, pale lavender ; falls, rich velvety crimson, reticulated with white.
 "  Rowlandiana. - Standards, lavender-blue ; falls, Light purple, upper part reticulated with white.
 "  ruberissima. - Standards, red-purple; falls, claret.
 "  Sultan. - Standards, lavender-blue; falls, very rich velvety crimson-black.
 "  Tatie Barr. - Standards, lavender-primrose ; falls, pale purple.
 "  Victorine. - Standards, white, mottled with blue ; falls, rich violet-blue, upper part mottled with white.
 "  Virginie. - Standards, lavender; falls, rich velvety crimson, lined with white.

I. pallida (Reich.). - Standards, dark lavender, passing to light lavender ; falls, purple, passing to light purple.

 "  Assaurez. - Standards, rich red-purple ; falls, claret.
 "  Astarte. - Standards, purple-lilac ; falls, rich crimson-purple.
 "  azurea. - Standards, azure-blue ; falls, violet-blue.
 "  Daimatica;. - Standards, lavender-blue ; falls, lavender, tinged with purple.
 "  Duke of York. - Standards, light claret ; falls, dark claret.
 "  Garibaldi. - Standards, rose-lilac ; falls, rose-purple.
 "  Maerisart. - Standards, mauve ; falls, purple-crimson.
 "  Madame Pacquitte. - Standards, rich claret-red ; falls a deeper shade of claret-red.
 "  Queen of May. - Standards and falls, rose-lilac.
 "  Raphael. - Standards and falls, deep lavender-blue.
 "  Rowlandiana purpurea. - Standards, deep lavender; falls, purple.
 "  rubella. - Standards, red-purple ; falls, deep red-purple.
 "  speciosa. - Standards, red purple ; falls, rich crimson-purple.
 "  variablis. - Standards, light purple; falls, deep purple, both fading off to slate-lavender
 "  Waluer. - Standards, deep Lavender-blue; falls, purple, mottled with white.

I. squalens (Reich.). - Standards, primrose-bronze; falls, crimson- purple, reticulated with white.

 "  Arnols. - Standards, bronze-purple ; falls, rich velvety crimson.
 "  Bossuet. - Standards, sulphur-bronze ; falls, crimson, heavily reticulated with white.
 "  Cerbere. - Standards, lavender-bronze ; falls, crimson-purple, reticulated with white.
 "  Dr. Bernice. - Standards, coppery-bronze ; falls, very rich velvety crimson.
 "  Folgerie. - Standards, yellow-bronze ; falls, crimson-brown, reticulated with white.
 "  Hericart de Thury. - Standards, bronze-primrose ; falls, red- brown, reticulated with white.
 "  Hugh Block. - Standards, primrose-bronze; falls, reticulated with light purple, white and brown.
 "  Icarus. - Standards, primrose-bronze; falls, purple-crimson,reticulated with white.
 "  Innocenza. - Standards, blue-lavender, tinged with primrose ; falls, decided lavender.
 "  Judith. - Standards, bronze-primrose ; falls, dark crimson-purple, reticulated with white.
 "  Julius Cæsar. - Standards, yellow-bronze ; falls, rich velvety crimson.
 "  Lady Jane. - Standards, brown-bronze ; falls, crimson-bronze.
 "  Lady Seymour. - Standards, lavender; falls, white and purple mottled.
 "  Lady Stanhope. - Standards, bronze -primrose ; falls, rich velvety crimson, narrowly margined with yellow and reticulated with white.
 "  La Prestiose. - Standards, glittering bronze ; falls, rich velvety crimson, reticulated with white.
 "  latifolia. - Standards, primrose-bronze ; falls, purple, mottled with white.
 "  lavendulacea. - Standards, lavender, tinged with primrose ; falls, decided lavender.
 "  La Vesuve. - Standards, blue, mottled with bronze ; falls, rich purple. crimson.
 "  Lord Grey. - Standards, coppery rose; falls, deeper coppery rose.
 "  Monsieur Cherion. - Standards, sulphur-bronze ; falls, crimson-velvet, mottled with white.
 "  Monsieur Fries. - Standards, primrose-bronze; falls, light purple.
 "  Mozart. - Standards, brown-bronze ; falls, purple-bronze and white mottled
 "  Mrs. Meston. - Standards, bronze-purple ; falls, rich purple.
 "  Pancratius. - Standards, primrose-bronze ; falls, pale purple.
 "  Phydias. - Standards, brown-bronze ; falls, rich deep crimson.
 "  Racine. - Standards, light bronze-purple ; falls, rich purple.
 "  Rebecca. - Standards, primrose-bronze ; falls, intense crimson.
 "  Rigolette. - Standards, bronze-yellow; falls, crimson, reticulated with white.
 "  Solomon. - Standards, brown-bronze ; falls, rich crimson, heavily reticulated.
 "  Van Geertii. - Standards, purple. bronze ; fall, rich crimson, reticulated with white.
 "  venusta.- Standards, bronze-primrose ; falls, rich crimson, reticulated with white.
  "  Valneriana. - Standards, bronze-purple ; falls, purple, upper part reticulated white and bronze.
 "  Walter Scott. - Standards, bronze-yellow ; falls, rich brown-crimson.

I. variegata(Bot. Mag.). - Standards, rich yellow ; falls, rich crimson-brown.

 "  Abon Hassan. - Standards, fine clear rich yellow ; falls, yellow, mottled with crimson -brown.
 "  Adonis. - Standards, chrome - yellow ; falls, crimson-brown reticulated with white.
 "  Alcibiades. - Standards, yellow ; falls, velvety crimson.
 "  angustissimus. - Standards, rich golden yellow ; falls, velvety crimson-brown.
 "  Bergiana. - Standards, rich yellow ; fails, very rich crimson- brown.
 "  Chelles. - Standards, rich yellow ; falls, crimson-brown, heavily reticulated with white and yellow.
 "  Czarewitch. - Standards, fine chrome-yellow; falls, crimson- purple.
 "  De Bergii. - Standards, sulphur-bronze ; falls, velvety crimson, mottled with white.
 "  Dr. Bersine. -Standards, chrome-yellow ; falls, white and crimson mottled.
 "  Honourable. - Standards, deep yellow; falls, crimson -brown, reticulated with yellow.
 "  Humboldtii. - Standards, yellow ; falls, velvety crimson-brown.
 "  Louis de Cerise. - Standards, light yellow ; falls, crimson-purple, reticulated with yellow and white.
 "  major. - Standards, rich deep yellow ; fulls, crimson-brown, reticulated with white.
 "  Malvina. - Standards, yellow, tinged with bronze ; falls, brown and white, mottled.
 "  Mexicana. - Standards, fine chrome-yellow ; falls, crimson, reticulated with white.
 "  Mimico. - Standards, rich yellow ; falls, rich crimson-brown.
 "  Minnie. - Standards, orange-yellow; falls, crimson-brown, reticulated with white.
 "  multicolor. - Standards, rich deep yellow; falls, crimson-brown, mottled with yellow.
 "  Orphee. - Standards, rich yellow ; falls, white and crimson reticulated.
 "  Prince of Orange. - Standards, orange; falls, crimson-brown, mottled with white.
 "  Samson. - Standards, yellow ; falls, crimson, mottled with white.
 "  Sans Souci. - Standards, orange-yellow; falls, crimson, reticulated with yellow and white.
 "  spectabilis. - Standards, yellow ; falls, rich velvety crimson.

I. aurea (Rob. Regel). - Standards and falls, rich yellow.
I. flavescens (Sweet). - Standards, primrose ; falls, light primrose.
     "  Munite. - Standards, primrose ; falls, primrose, reticulated with lavender.
I. florentina (Reich.). - Standards, white; falls, white.
I. lurida (Reich.). - Standards, bronze-purple; falls, rich purple-crimson, richly scented like elder.
I. subiflora (Bot. Mag.). - Standards and falls, very rich deep purple.
I. sambucina (Bot. Mag.). - Standards, lilac-bronze; falls, rich purple-crimson, richly-scented elder.
      " major. - Differing from the above in height.

PETER BARR. 

History huh, can not be beat it when it comes to definitive descriptions of the Antiquities. 
T.J.

Reproduction in whole or in part of this post, its opinions or its images without the expressed written permission of Terry Johnson is strictly prohibited, no exceptions.

Photo credit and copyright Terry Johnson and Heritage Irises ©. 

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Siberian Iris SNOW QUEEN

Not sure how the Siberian Iris Society came up with the 18 inches (46cm) height of Snow Queen as it grows 6-8 inches taller than their checklist height and small flowers are reported by HIP in their photo galleries, which most other catalogue listings would indicate small is not a great bloom size description. The 1939 Checklist show a listing for 'Snow Queen' as a Illustration in 'The Garden'  28th July, 1917, page 298, so I have taken this opportunity to show the image as referred, it accompanied an article written by Robert Wallace of Robert W. Wallace & Co. nurserymen, specialist in Irises for many years. I will see if I can dig out the Wallace catalogue of 1902 and look up the listing and see what it says, (I will post this at a latter date).
'Snow Queen' a natural hybrid of  I. sanguinea and is an exceptionally nice example of a historic Siberian Iris. Clumps up quickly, and becomes a welcome addition to any classic or modern garden.

Courtesy 'The Garden', 28th July, 1917.

 The Garden, 28th July, 1917.
June in a Devon Garden, A Garden of Little-Known Shrubs and Hardy Plants, Robert W. Wallace.
COVERING about an acre, the interesting garden of Mr. Eden Phillpotts, the famous Devon novelist, contains within its walls an unusually fine collection of little-known trees, flowering shrubs and plants........................................................
On a slightly lower level a new pond has been prepared, into which, with great care and interest has been placed the greatest of all Water Lilies — the glorious ruby 'Escarboucle' — and as a companion 'Mrs. Richmond', with its magnificent flowers of soft pink. I do not think there are any two finer Water Lilies than these. Again, beyond these in the surmounting beds are masses of Iris orientalis and Snow Queen in a happy contrast, while Primulas and a host of other moisture-loving subjects are planted in close proximity, including the new golden yellow Marsh Primrose.

Robert Wayman, Bayside, New York. Irises 1930-31.
SNOW QUEEN Collected By Peter Barr 1900) this is a very handsome snowy white flower, with rich yellow markings at the throat. It is large enough to be mistaken for a Japanese Iris and is very free flowering. The flower is of a firm waxy texture. It is the best white and should be in every collection.
50c each ; 3 for $1.25 ; 6 for $2.00 ; 100 for $25.00.

The Society for Siberian Irises.
Cumulative Check List of Siberian Irises, 2006.
SNOW QUEEN Collected By Peter Barr Listed 1900 Collected in Japan SIB (dip.) (18" 46 cm) M & re White form of  I. sanguinea.   Peter Barr 1900 AM: RHS: 1902

As always clicking on the above image will take you to the larger, higher resolution version.
Photo credit and copyright Iris Hunter. 

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Historic Iris germanica 'CRIMSON KING'

Photo taken a couple of days ago, an historic rebloomer from the 1800's that was involved in much of the success the Sass Brothers had with their intermediate reblooming programme in the 1920's and 1930's. Now it's an iris that I can not be 100% sure that the name is correct or that the Iris should be attributed to Peter Barr, yes the above photo is the iris 'Crimson King' considered to be Peter Barr's most well known iris, but there seems to be more than just a little confusion with 'Crimson King's' nomenclature that can't be just swept aside.  
 There is a contentious description published in the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, Bearded Irises Tried at Wisley 1925-1927 where 'Crimson King' is mention under the heading 'ATROPURPUREA.'  I've copied references below for your consideration. Its probably a popular natural hybrid that some plantsmen squabbled over its name and breeding rights. For the time being I will go along with the label 'Crimson King' and Peter Barr as the introducer but I think it is becoming increasingly obvious that 'all bets are off'.

L.F Randolph in the Book 'Garden Irises' notes that 'Crimson King' has a (2n= 44) number of somatic chromosomes, indicating that this variety arose through a cross with a 40 chromosome species and a 48 chromosome species making it a hybrid in the informal classification of early flowering irises commonly referred to today as 'The germanicas.'

THE GARDEN, Societies and Exhibitions, July 31st, 1880.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
July 27th
The usual fortnightly meeting and the annual show of the Carnation and Picotee Society made a very interesting exhibition at South Kensington on Tuesday last. The Carnations and Picotees were arranged in the upper arcade, where many interesting subjects were added, whilst in the Council Room, as usual, the various plants, fruits, and vegetables to be adjudicated upon by the committees were placed. The floral committee awarded First-class Certificates to;
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, for Iris Kæmpferi Magnificence, a flower of medium size,prettily marked with lines of violet and red on a pale ground ; and Crimson King, a grand flower, having very broad petals of purplish crimson.

THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE, Amateurs Column, July 14th 1894.
IRIS GERMANICA, Harrison Weir, Sevenoaks, June 23.
'As I have had a long experience, perhaps I should not be considered trespassing too much on your space if I give the names of a few of the most distinct. Among the dark purples, I have thought subbiflora, nepalense, Crimson King, and Germanica Major the best.'

IRISES, W.R. Dykes, The Times, London, July 6th, 1907
Once May is reached an iris garden should be one continuous blaze of colour for the common purple flag is closely followed by the innumerable forms and hybrids which are loosely known as german irises. Closely related to the type, and only local varieties of it, are forms of which Amas or Macrantha is perhaps best, while other good forms are Purple King, Crimson King, Fontarabie, and Asiatica. 

The Longfield Iris Farm, Bluffton, Indiana. 
Named Iris for Sale 1925
Crimson King This iris has flowers of the same rich deep purple coloring as Kochii, but the flowers are larger, and the stalks taller and the growth more open. Very Good. Every Iris collection should have either this variety or Kochii.

BEARDED IRIS TRIED AT WISLEY 1925-1927, Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society.
CLASS V d.
Varieties with deep red-purple self coloured flowers
ATROPURPUREA. Foliage rather yellower than in 'Kochii.' Flowering stem 24 inches, straight, 3 or 4 flowered. Flowers medium to large, of good form, rather brighter deep violet purple than the last (Kochii) ; standards somewhat cupped, 2¼ X 2 inches ; falls hanging straight , 1⅝ X 1⅝ inch ; beard bluish white, tipped yellow. Flowering for nearly a month from May 11th 1927. Sent by G P Baker
Very closely similar to this are 'DUCHESSE DU CHATEAFORT,' from Messrs Barr ; and 'ASIATICA' originally form Messrs. Bunyard, long grown at Wisley ; while 'CRIMSON KING,' 'GERMANICA CRIMSON KING,'(from Messrs Barr), 'EREBE,' and 'TRAUTLIEB' were indistinguishable , or almost so, though the last name is apparently used for 'PURPLE KING.'

CORNELL MEMOIR 100 Study of Pogoniris Varieties Austin W.W. Sand July 1926
Crimson King (1894) Rating 89
Color effect a cotinga purple or more brilliant hyacinth violet self ; size fair ; form long, open, rounded; tall bearded class ; height 24 in.; branching fastigiate, above centre, 2 or more laterals. A flower of good substance; firm texture ; excellent fragrance; good lasting quality. Useful in mass or as a cut flower.
Standards a most intense hyacinth violet to pansy violet, tinged with yellowish and slightly lighter at the base of the blade and on the claw ; carriage cupped, erect to arching ; blade obovate to fiddle-form, notched, undulate, frilled and ruffled, revolute, slightly crumpled; size 2 in. wide, 24 in. long. Falls slightly velvety blackish purple to brilliant Rood's violet, veined with same on the phlox-purple haft, lighter along the beard; carriage drooping ; shape obovate, convex, oblong to ovate; size 2 in. wide, 2¾ in. long. Minor parts : beard fine to coarse, dense, projecting, bluish tipped with yellow ; haft broad, channeled; reticulations fine to coarse, slightly netted, close to widely spaced; style-branches broad, overarching ; crest large, fringed; pollen plentiful ; spathe-valves scarious, purple-tinged. Growth moderate to vigorous ; increase rapid ; habit compact ; foliage stiff, leaves slender to broad, glaucous yellow-green ; 2-3 blooms open at once, floriferous ; stalk erect, with 5 buds.
While the general color is very similar to that of Kochii, it is not quite so distinct a self-color. The outer haft of Crimson King' is more definitely veined and broader, its segments are more decidedly waved, and the stalk is more widely branched. In Kochii the segments are more slender and graceful, while the whole of the flower is very similar to that of Albicans. Crimson King is undoubtedly of germanica origin. It has persistent green foliage.

 Gardening with Iris Species.
Proceedings of an International Symposium, Missouri Botanical Garden, 1995.
The Tall Bearded Iris Species, Philip W. Edinger.
Crimson King (Barr 1893)
Californians (even non-irisarians) know this common iris by sight through out the State. But only old-timers know it by its name; recently it has gained some distribution under the usurped name "Eleanor Roosevelt"! Here in the west, this is easily the best germanica for garden display: it is tall,prolific, has good color, and will flower more than once annually. In fact, you may get three or even four repeat blooms per year in areas where frosts rarely strikes. For heavily purple-tinted spathes, inky buds emerge that open to self colored blooms of rich mulberry color; beards are white shading to yellow toward the flowers interior. The hafts are somewhat veined, as the basic fall color breaks into veins over a blue white ground. Of some dozen germanica clones here, this is the one most likely to set a few "bee" pods.

AIS Checklist 1939
CRIMSON KING Barr, 1893 IB-E & Re-RD7, 22 inches.

This post will be updated when the research regarding nomenclature of Crimson King is more robust.
As always clicking on the above image will take you to the larger, higher resolution version.
Photo credit and copyright Iris Hunter

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